[prepared by Professor Julie Mertus, America University, for Human Rights and Conflict]
1600s - Northeast portion of Arabian peninsula becomes part of the Turkish Ottoman empire.
1700s - Settlers arrive at the site of present-day Kuwait City from the interior of the Arabian peninsula. The settlement grows into a bustling trading hub by the early 1800s.
1756 - Kuwait comes under the control of the Al-Sabah family, predecessors of Kuwait's present rulers. A degree of semi-autonomy from Ottoman Turkey prevails.
1899 - Fearing direct rule from Turkey, Sheikh Mubarak "the Great" strikes a deal with Britain and Kuwait becomes a protectorate. Britain provides naval protection in return for Kuwait allowing London to control its foreign affairs.
1920 - April - San Remo Peace Conference of Allied Powers endorses the French and British mandate over the Levant, with Britain holding the mandate in Palestine, Transjordan and Mesopotamia (renamed Iraq, created out of the Ottoman provinces of Basra, Baghdad & Mosul);
1925 - 6 December - League of Nations Council fixes border between Turkey and Iraq, placing the Mosul region in Iraq, as determined by a League of Nations Committee, against the wishes of the Kurdish population.
1932 - Formal independence for Iraq.
1961 - June - Kuwait becomes independent with the end of the British protectorate; the sheikh becomes an emir. The country joins the Arab League. Iraq renews claims that Kuwait is part of its territory but backs down after British military intervention.
1971 - 1 December - Britain withdraws from the Gulf territories: United Arab Emirates (UAE) formed as a federation on 2 December, under presidency of Abu Dhabi’s Shaykh Zayid.
1972 - 14 May- Iraqi Ba‘thist leadership brings communists into government after Iraqi-Soviet 15 year Treaty of Friendship & Cooperation of April ‘72. Nationalization of Iraqi Petroleum Company (June). After extended negotiations, the Iraqi Communist Party joins the Baa‘th in a National Progressive Front in 1973.
1974 - 13 March- Negotiations between Mustafa Barzani’s Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP) and the Iraqi government break down after the Kurdish Autonomous Region is only half the area the KDP demanded, and excludes oil-rich Kirkuk. Iraq earns 60% of its oil revenues from Kurdish-majority areas.
1974-1976 - Renewal of hostilities with Kurds in N. Iraq, crushed by Iraqi government (1974-5), with razing of Zakho and Qala’at Diza. 800 villages along the Iran-Iraq border are evacuated (1976). 130,000 Kurds flee to Iran.
1975 - January- Iran sends 2 regiments into KDP-controlled areas of Iraq; war averted through Turkish, then Algerian, mediation.
1975 - 6 March - Algiers Accord- Iraq and Iran agree to carry out a final delineation of their land boundaries in accordance with the Constantinople Protocol of 1913 and the Proceedings of the Border Delimitation Commission of 1914, and to demarcate their river boundaries according to the thalweg (median river course) line.
1975 - 13 July- Iraq and Iran sign an agreement regulating their borders and water rights based on the Algiers accord.
1976 - Emir suspends National Assembly, saying it is not acting in the country's interests.
1977-1987- some 4,500-5,000 Kurdish villages are
systematically destroyed and their inhabitants forcibly removed and made to live
in “resettlement camps.”
1979 - 16 July Saddam Hussein replaces Ahmad Hasan Bakr as President of Iraq after dispute over Bakr favored closer links with Syria; Hussein cites Bakr's poor health, places him under house arrest and blames Syria for plotting a coup (28 July). Bakr dies, possibly due to poisoning, in 1982.
1980 - 4 September - Iran shells Iraqi border towns (Iraq considers this as the start of the Iran/Iraq war).
1980 - 17 September - Iraq abrogates the 1975 treaty with Iran. The U.S. opposes any Security Council action to condemn the invasion Iraqi invasion of Iran. U.S. soon removes Iraq from its list of nations supporting terrorism and allows U.S. arms to be transferred to Iraq. U.S. provides intelligence information to Iraq.
1980 - 23 September - Iraq attacks Iranian airbases.
1980 - 23 September - Iran bombs Iraqi military and economic targets.
1981 - 7 June- Israel attacks an Iraqi nuclear research center at Tuwaythah near Baghdad.
1980s - The Iraqi government arrests thousands of
Shi`a Muslims on the charge of supporting the 1979 revolution in Iran. Many are
“disappeared;” others die under torture or are executed. Over half a million
Shi`a during the 1980s are expelled to Iran, after the separation out of many
male family members. These men and boys, estimated to number between
50,000-70,000, are arrested and imprisoned indefinitely without charge.
1984 - U.S. restores diplomatic relations with Iraq.
Chemical Attacks on Iranian Soldiers
1986 - March - UN Secretary General reports Iraq's
use of mustard gas and nerve agents against Iranian soldiers, with significant
usage in 1981 and 1984.
1987 - U.S. sends its navy into the Persian Gulf, taking Iraq's side; a U.S. ship shoots down an Iranian civilian airliner, killing 290.
1987 - Thousands of Iraqi Kurds are killed during chemical and conventional bombardments.
1988 - February-September- Iraq military operation "Anfal" campaign. Iraqi troops sweep through the highlands of Iraqi Kurdistan rounding up everyone who remains in government-declared “prohibited zones.” More than 100,000 Kurds, mostly men and boys, are executed.
Chemical attack on Kurds
1988 - 16 March - Iraq attacks the Kurdish town of Halabjah with mix of
poison gas and nerve agents, killing 3,200-5,000 residents.
UNIIMOG
1988 - 20 August - The Iran-Iraq war ends in
stalemate; an estimated 1 million soldiers are killed in eight years of
fighting. A ceasefire comes into effect to be monitored by the UN Iran-Iraq
Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG).
1989 Iraq sends military hardware to Lebanon in a proxy war with Syria.
1990 - July - Iraq complains to OPEC, accusing Kuwait of stealing its oil from a field near the border. Iraqi President Saddam Hussein threatens military action.
1990 - 2 August - Iraq invades Kuwait and is
condemned by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 660, which calls for
the full withdrawal.
1990 - 8 August - Iraq announces the merger of Iraq and Kuwait. Iraqi human rights abuses in occupied Kuwait include theft, rape and assault on civilians, summary executions, “disappearances,” and torture.
1990 - 6 August -UN resolution 661 imposes economic sanctions on Iraq, with the stated purpose of compelling Iraq's military forces to leave Kuwait. www.un.org/Docs/scres/1990/660e.pdf
1990 - 8 August - Iraq appoints puppet regime in Kuwait that declares a
merger with Iraq.
1990 - 29 November- UNSC Resolution 678 authorizes the states cooperating
with Kuwait to use "all necessary means" to uphold UNSC Resolution 660; UN
orders Iraqi withdrawal by January 15, 1991.
1991 - 16 -17 January - The Gulf War starts when the coalition forces begin aerial bombing of Iraq ("Operation Desert Storm").
Impact of Sanctions
1991 - 22 January - A U.S. Department of Defense document notes Iraq's reliance on imports for certain essential parts for water treatment facilities and the difficulty in obtaining these parts under sanctions. The document also observes that if Iraq is unable to obtain these parts, the result could be "increased incidences, if not epidemics, of disease." www.zmag.org/ ZMag/Articles/nov01lindemyer.htm
1991 - The U.S. uses 117,634 landmines in Iraq and Kuwait during the Gulf War, 27,967 antipersonnel mines and 86,667 antivehicle mines. The Navy and Marine corps use Gator cluster bombs to deliver these mines.
1991 - 13 February - U.S. planes destroy an air raid shelter at Amiriyah in Baghdad, killing over 300 people.
1991 - 24 February- The start of a ground operation;
liberation of Kuwait occurs February 27.
1991 - Iraqi authorities begin the forcible expulsion of over 120,000 Kurds, Turcomans and Assyrians from their homes in the oil-rich region of Kirkuk. The systematic forcible transfer of the population – a process referred to by the authorities as “Arabization” – is accompanied by the resettling of Arab families brought from southern Iraq to replace those evicted.
1991 - Mid-March through early April - Iraq suppresses rebellions in the Kurdish north of the country and the Shi'a south. Shi'a forces ask the U.S. for access to captured Iraqi arms but are denied. The U.S., which is patrolling the no-fly zone in the south at the time, allows Saddam Hussein to use helicopter gun-ships to suppress the rebellion.
1991 - March/early April - Kurdish refugees flee as Iraq bombs northern towns, creating a humanitarian disaster on the borders of Turkey and Iran.
1991 - 3 April - UN resolution 687 adds further conditions to the repeal of sanctions, stating that Iraq must agree to disarmament and inspections of its weapons sites. www.un.org/Docs/scres/1991/ 687e.pdf
Ceasefire and Weapon Inspection Agreement
1991 - 3 March - Iraq accepts the terms of a
ceasefire. The primary ceasefire resolution is UNSCR 687 (April 3) requiring
Iraq to end its weapons of mass destruction programs, recognize Kuwait, account
for missing Kuwaitis, return Kuwaiti property and end support for international
terrorism. Iraq is required to end repression of its people.
1991 - 3 April - U.N. Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), Section C, declares that Iraq shall accept unconditionally, under international supervision, the "destruction, removal or rendering harmless" of its weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles with a range over 150 kilometers. One week later, Iraq accepts Resolution 687. Its provisions were reiterated and reinforced in subsequent action by the United Nations in June and August of 1991.
UN Safehaven
1991 - April 8 - A plan for the establishment of a
UN safe-haven in northern Iraq, north of the latitude 36 degrees north, for the
protection of Kurds is approved at a European Union meeting in Luxembourg. On
April 10, the U.S. orders Iraq to end all military action in this area.
1991 - After the Gulf War, members of the Shi`a majority in southern Iraq rise up in revolt against the Iraqi leadership. In response, thousands of Shi`a including hundreds of clerics and their students, are imprisoned without charge or “disappeared” in state custody. Hundreds are summarily executed. Many Shi`a shrines and institutions are demolished by government forces. In the southeast, after tens of thousands of Shi`a Muslim civilians, army deserters, and rebels, primarily from the cities of Basra, al-Amara, and al-Nasiriyya, seek shelter in remote areas of the marshes that straddle the Iranian border, Iraq’s military and security forces shelled and launched military raids against them. The raids caused thousands of so-called “Marsh Arabs” to flee to Iran and many others to become internally displaced within Iraq.
1991 - April - Working in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) is established to ensure Iraq is free of weapons of mass destruction and to establish long-term monitoring program to see it remains free of prohibited weapons.
1991 – May - Iraq accepts the privileges and immunities of the Special Commission (UNSCOM) and its personnel. These guarantees include the right of "unrestricted freedom of entry and exit without delay or hindrance of its personnel, property, supplies, equipment."
1991 - June 1991 - Iraqi personnel fire warning shots to prevent the inspectors from approaching their vehicles.
1991 – September - Iraqi officials confiscate documents from the inspectors. The inspectors refuse to yield a second set of documents. In response, Iraq refuses to allow the team to leave the site with these documents. A four-day standoff ensues, but Iraq permits the team to leave with the documents after a statement from the Security Council threatens enforcement actions.
1991 - 11 October - The Security Council adopts Resolution 715, which approves joint UNSCOM and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) plans for ongoing monitoring and verification. UNSCOM's plan establishes that Iraq shall "accept unconditionally the inspectors and all other personnel designated by the Special Commission."
1991 - October - Iraq states that it considers the Ongoing Monitoring and Verification Plans adopted by Resolution 715 to be unlawful and states that it is not ready to comply with Resolution 715.
1992 April - Iraq calls for a halt to UNSCOM's aerial surveillance flights, stating that the aircraft and its pilot might be endangered. The President of the Security Council issues a statement reaffirming UNSCOM's right to conduct such flights. Iraq says that it does not intend to carry out any military action aimed at UNSCOM's aerial flights.
1992 - July- Iraq refuses an inspection team access to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. UNSCOM said it had reliable information that the site contained archives related to proscribed activities. Inspectors gained access only after members of the Council threatened enforcement action.
No-Fly Zones
1992 - 26 August - A no-fly zone, which prohibits the flights of Iraqi
planes, is established in southern Iraq, south of latitude 32 degrees north.
Deteriorating Health Situation in Iraq
1993 - UNICEF reports a resurgence of
vaccine-preventable diseases in Iraq, including polio, diphtheria, and measles.
1993 - 27 June- US forces launch a cruise missile attack on Iraqi
intelligence headquarters in Al-Mansur district, Baghdad, in response for the
attempted assassination of former U.S. President George Bush in Kuwait in April.
1993 - 26 November- Iraq accepts Resolution 715 and the plans for ongoing
monitoring and verification.
1994 - 29 May- Saddam Hussein becomes prime minister
and president.
1994 - 10 November - The Iraqi National Assembly
recognizes Kuwait's borders and its independence.
1994 - 15 October- The Security Council adopts Resolution 949, which demands that Iraq "cooperate fully" with UNSCOM and that it withdraw all military units deployed to southern Iraq to their original positions. Iraq withdraws its forces and resumes working with UNSCOM.
1995 - 14 April - UNSC Resolution 986 allows the partial resumption of Iraq's oil exports to buy food and medicine (the "oil-for-food program"). It is not accepted by Iraq until May 1996 and is not implemented until December 1996.
1995 - 15 October - Saddam Hussein wins a referendum allowing him to remain president for another 7 years.
1996 - March- Iraqi security forces refuse UNSCOM teams access to five sites designated for inspection. The teams enter the sites after delays of up to 17 hours.
1996 - 19 March - The Security Council issues a presidential statement expressing its concern over Iraq's behavior, which it terms "a clear violation of Iraq's obligations under relevant resolutions." The council also demands that Iraq allow UNSCOM teams immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access to all sites designated for inspection.
1996 - 27 March - Security Council Resolution 1051 approves the export/import monitoring mechanism for Iraq and demands that Iraq meet unconditionally all its obligations under the mechanism and cooperate fully with the Special Commission and the director-general of the IAEA.
1996 - June- Iraq denies UNSCOM teams access to sites under investigation for their involvement in the "concealment mechanism" for proscribed items.
1996 - 12 June- The Security Council adopts Resolution 1060, which terms Iraq's actions a clear violation of the provisions of the council's earlier resolutions. It also demands that Iraq grant "immediate and unrestricted access" to all sites designated for inspection by UNSCOM.
1996 - 13 June- Iraq denies access to another inspection team.
1996 - November- Iraq blocks UNSCOM from removing remnants of missile engines for in-depth analysis outside Iraq.
1996 - A UNICEF report states that among children under the age of five, there are 4,500 "excess deaths" every month, primarily attributed to sanctions.
1997 - June- Iraqi escorts on board an UNSCOM helicopter try to physically prevent the UNSCOM pilot from flying the helicopter in the direction of its intended destination.
1997 - 21 June- The Security Council adopts Resolution 1115, which condemns Iraq's actions and demands that Iraq allow UNSCOM's team immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access to any sites for inspection and officials for interviews.
1997 - 13 September- An Iraqi officer attacks an UNSCOM inspector on board an UNSCOM helicopter while the inspector is attempting to take photographs of unauthorized movement of Iraqi vehicles inside a site designated for inspection.
1997 - 17 September - While seeking access to a site declared by Iraq to be "sensitive," UNSCOM inspectors witness and videotape Iraqi guards moving files, burning documents and dumping ash-filled waste cans into a nearby river.
1997 - 12 November - The Security Council adopts Resolution 1137, condemning Iraq for continually violating its obligations, including its decision to seek to impose conditions on cooperation with UNSCOM. The resolution also imposes a travel restriction on Iraqi officials who are responsible for or participated in instances of noncompliance.
1997 - 22 December- The Security Council issues a statement calling upon the government of Iraq to cooperate fully with the commission and stresses that failure by Iraq to provide immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access to any site is an unacceptable and clear violation of Security Council resolutions.
1997 - UNICEF reports that more than 1.2 million people, including 750,000 children under age five, have died due to scarcity of food and medicine. Of those under five, 32 percent -- 960,000 children -- are chronically malnourished, a rise of 72 percent since 1991. An additional 23 percent are underweight.
1998 - 20-23 February- Iraq signs a Memorandum of Understanding with the United Nations on February 23, 1998. Iraq pledges to accept all relevant Security Council resolutions, to cooperate fully with UNSCOM and the IAEA, and to grant to UNSCOM and the IAEA "immediate, unconditional and unrestricted access" for their inspections.
1998 - 29 September- The U.S. passes the Iraq Liberation Act (ILA) "to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq and to promote the emergence of a democratic government." The president is to designate one or more Iraqi democratic opposition organizations to whom to provide assistance, not exceeding $97 million. www.thomas.loc.gov/home/ c105bills.html
1998 - 30 September- the Director of the UN Oil-for-Food Program, Denis Halliday, resigns in protest over the inadequacy of Oil-for-Food, which he says does not even meet the minimum requirements for a healthy diet.
1998 - 31 October - Iraq ends all forms of cooperation with the UN Special Commission to Oversee the Destruction of Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction (UNSCOM).
1998 - 16-19 December - After UN staff are evacuated from Baghdad, the U.S. and U.K. launch a bombing campaign, "Operation Desert Fox," to destroy Iraq's nuclear, chemical and biological weapons programs.
1998 - The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that each month, 5,000 to 6,000 Iraqi children die because of sanctions. www.who.int/disasters/repo/ 7114.pdf
1999 - 6 January - UN Sec. Gen. Kofi Annan expresses his suspicion that intelligence gathered by UN arms inspectors was used for American efforts to undermine the Iraqi regime.
1999 - 8 January- Clinton Administration officials admit monitoring coded radio communications of Saddam Hussein's security forces, using equipment secretly installed by UN arms inspectors.
2000 - 13 February – The second director of the UN Oil-for-Food Program, Hans von Sponeck, resigns in protest, objecting to the impact of sanctions on Iraqi civilians.
1999 - 17 December - UNSC Resolution 1284 creates the UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) to replace UNSCOM. Iraq rejects the resolution.
2000 - August - Reopening of Baghdad airport, followed by a stream of international flights organized by countries and organizations to campaign against sanctions. The flights are labeled humanitarian missions to comply with UN sanctions on commercial flights into and out of Iraq.
2000 - November - Iraq rejects new weapons
inspections proposals.
2000 - December - Iraq temporarily halts oil exports after the UN rejects
Iraq's request that buyers pay a 50-cent-a-barrel surcharge into an Iraqi bank
account not controlled by the UN.
2001 - Free-trade zone agreements set up with neighboring countries. Rail
link with Turkey re-opened in May for the first time since 1981.
Ongoing Patrols of No-fly Zone
2001 - February - U.S. and British aircraft attack two communications and control facilities outside Baghdad. Iraq has been actively, but unsuccessfully, trying to shoot down allied planes patrolling the no-fly zones since December 1998.
2001 - August - World Health Organization team arrives for a survey into cancer and birth defects. Cancer rates are said to have soared in areas of the south that were bombed with weapons containing depleted Uranium during the 1991 Gulf War.
Wake of September 11th World Trade Center and Pentagon Attacks
2001 - 14 September- Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz announces that it is "not just simply a matter of capturing people, [but] ending states who sponsor terrorism", as speculation grows that Iraq may have had a hand in training the hijackers. James Woolsey, the CIA director from 1993-95, speaks of the potential for a "very fruitful marriage between Saddam and Bin Laden." Later it is reported that an Iraqi intelligence officer had met Mohammed Atta, one of the hijackers, in Europe and there are claims that Baghdad's banking network financed the attacks.
2001 - 20 September - British and U.S. jets go on a bombing raid against surface-to-air missile batteries in southern Iraq. A Ministry of Defence official denies any connection to the September 11 attacks.
2001 - 21 September- U.S. officials tell the Washington Times that Saddam Hussein made contact with Bin Laden days before the attacks.
2001 - 9 October - US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld threatens direct action against Iraq if there is any evidence that it was involved in a Florida anthrax outbreak.
2001 - 19 November - John Bolton, the under-secretary for arms control and international security, tells an arms conference in Geneva that President Saddam Hussein may have covertly developed biological weapons in the past three years.
State of the Union Address
2002 - January- In his state of the union address President Bush says Iraq continues plotting to develop weapons of mass destruction and therefore poses a threat to the U.S. President Bush lists Iraq, Iran, and North Korea as part of an "axis of evil" in his state of the union speech to Congress. "By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes pose a grave and growing danger," he says.
2002 - February- Responding to anti-aircraft fire, the U.S. and Britain strike Iraq with bombs in the northeast
2002 – 11-15 February - For the first time since
1992, Iraq hosts a UN human rights expert. During the preceding years, the
international community documented and reported allegations of gross human
rights abuses in Iraq, including: summary executions; arbitrary arrest,
systematic torture 'in its most cruel forms;' coercion by means of reprisals
against family members; and mass discrimination regarding access to food
supplies and health care.
2002 - 14 May – The UN introduces 'smart sanctions' targeted at military equipment, to replace existing sanctions. The UN agrees to long-awaited smart sanctions for Iraq.
2002 - July - Talk of an American attack on Iraq in order to topple President Saddam Hussein heats up. Several American newspapers publish reports about military planning documents for an attack on Iraq.
2002 - 5 July - In talks with UN Secretary General, Iraq rejects weapons
inspections proposals.
2002 - 2 August- In a letter to the UN Secretary General, Iraq invites
the UN chief weapons inspector to Baghdad.
2002 - 19 August - UN Secretary General rejects Iraq's proposal as the
"wrong work program" but renews offer to facilitate the return of inspectors in
accordance with UNSC resolution 1284, passed in 1999. The resolution calls for
UNMOVIC inspectors to spend 60 days conducting active inspections to determine
what has changed since U.N. weapons inspectors were expelled in 1998 and what
needs to be done for Iraq to be rid of all chemical, biological and nuclear
weapons.
2002 - 12 September- President Bush addresses the UN to present the case for war against Iraq.
2002 - 16 September - Iraq accepts 'unconditional' return of UN inspectors.
2002 - 24 September- Britain publishes dossier saying Iraq could produce
a nuclear weapon within one or two years, if it obtains fissile material and
other components from abroad.
2002 - 30 September- UN negotiators and an Iraqi delegation meet in Vienna for three days of talks to agree to terms for resuming weapons inspections. But talks leave eight presidential compounds off-limits, and the US rejects inspectors' return without a new Security Council resolution.
2002 - 16 October- Iraq renews offer to UN weapons inspectors, after 'referendum' gives Saddam Hussein another seven-year term as president with 100% of the vote.
2002 - 20 October- The Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), Iraq's highest executive body, issued Decree No. 25 signed by President Saddam Hussein, ordering the release of all prisoners including political prisoners. Iraqi press reports estimate that 50,000-100,000 people are released, but no list of released detainees is published and Amnesty International reports that families seeking information about detained relatives have not received any positive answers from the authorities.
2002 - 8 November- UN security council votes unanimously to back a U.S.-British resolution requiring Iraq to reinstate weapons inspectors after a four year absence.
2002 - 13 November- President Saddam sends a letter
to the UN secretary-general, Kofi Annan, accepting the UN resolution.
2002 - 21 November- Danish authorities charge Nizar al-Khazraji, a former head of the Iraqi armed forces, with war crimes in connection with the mass killings of Iraqi Kurds and other violations of international humanitarian law in 1988.
2002 - 27 November- The weapons inspectors start inspections, visiting two sites, and thank the Iraqis for their cooperation but do not comment on findings.
2002 - 4 December- The UN security council agrees to extend the UN oil for food programs in Iraq for another six months, but concedes to U.S. demands to review the list of goods Baghdad is barred from importing.
2002 - 12 December- Iraqi officials in Baghdad present the UN with a 12,000 page dossier disclosing Iraq's programs for weapons of mass destruction. General Hasam Amin of Iraq's national monitoring directorate says the dossier shows 'that Iraq is empty of weapons of mass destruction.' The contents of the Iraqi dossier are met with widespread skepticism in Washington and London.
2002 - 17 December - US Secretary of State Colin Powell hints that the White House will reject the Iraqi weapons declaration, saying there were problems with the 12,000-page document.
2002 - 19 December - The United States accuses Baghdad of being in "material breach" of the UN resolution after the UN's chief weapons inspector, Hans Blix, says the Iraqi arms declaration contains little new information about its weapons of mass destruction capability.
This Timeline has been
compiled from the following sources:
BBC News.com,
"Timeline: Iraq"
(2001)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/middle_east/newsid_737000/737483.stm.
CNN.com, "The Unfinished War: A Decade Since Desert Storm" (2001)
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/gulf.war/unfinished/war/.
New York Times.com, "Key Events in Iraq and U.S. Relations" (1998) http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/121798iraq-us-timeline.html.
Fox News, “White House Time Line on Iraq”
Guardian Unlimited, “Timeline Iraq,”
Berkeley School of Journalism, “Arc of Crisis: From Kabul to Jerusalem”
http://journalism.berkeley.edu/projects/arccrisis/afghan-iraqtimeline.html.
U.S. Department of State Document, “Timeline: Saddam Hussein's Iraq” (October, 2002)
http://www.policyalmanac.org/world/archive/iraq_timeline.shtml.
CBC News Online, “Timeline of post-Gulf War U.S./Iraq conflict”
http://www.cbc.ca/news/features/iraq/timeline.html.
American Friends Service Committee, “Timeline on Iraq”
BBC Iraq Profile and Timeline, www.news.bbc.co.uk/hi/English/world middle_east/newsid_737000/737483.stm.
Food and Agriculture Organization, www.fao.org.
New York Times Archives, www.search.nytimes.com.
Robert Jenson's Homepage, “Impact of the Sanctions on the people of Iraq” uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/iraqfactsheets.htm.
Thomas Legislative Information on the Web, thomas.loc.gov.
UNICEF, www.unicef.org.
US Bombing Watch, www.ccmep.org/us_bombing_watch.html#10/15.
Washington Post Archives, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-adv/archives.
World Health Organization,
www.who.org.